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About this screener — evidence, source
The RAND version of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short form, with RAND's scoring. Thirty-six items give eight scale scores — physical functioning, role limitations (physical and emotional), energy/fatigue, emotional well-being, social functioning, pain and general health — each from 0 to 100, where higher always means better health, plus one item on change in health over the past year.
Evidence · validated
Items identical to the MOS SF-36 (Ware & Sherbourne, 1992). In the Medical Outcomes Study baseline (N = 2,471), internal consistency for the eight RAND scales ranged from α = 0.78 to 0.93 (RAND scoring instructions, Table 3; Hays et al., 1993). The scales have no clinical cut-offs; compare with reference means or track change over time.
Source & licence
Hays RD, Sherbourne CD, Mazel RM. The RAND 36-Item Health Survey 1.0. Health Econ. 1993;2(3):217–227. Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care. 1992;30:473–483. Developed at RAND as part of the Medical Outcomes Study.
Licence: Free for non-commercial use — RAND does not charge or require permission for non-commercial use of RAND Health surveys; its terms state "No further written permission is needed for use of this Health Survey", with a credit line acknowledging development at RAND as part of the Medical Outcomes Study.
Non-commercial use; credit RAND and the Medical Outcomes Study; any changes must be identified (none made to items or scoring — presented as an online form). Scored with RAND's method, so it is reported as the RAND 36-Item Health Survey 1.0, not as the trademarked SF-36 (whose scoring differs).
Official source ↗